philosophy of education Essay -- essays research papers

Progressivism My personal philosophy of education is most closely related to progressivism, which is a school of thought advocating that truth is determined by function. Progressivism is an educational philosophy focused on providing students with the skills and knowledge necessary not only to survive but also to succeed in a contemporary and competitive society. William James and John Dewey are accredited for developing the characteristically American philosophy of education that is progressivism. As the name suggests, progressivism is a philosophy that is adaptable for society’s current state. It is a philosophy that promotes education aimed at helping students to develop the kind of problem solving skills that will enable them to function successfully in a competitive society. Progressivism focuses on educating students in a manner that leads them to become productive adults that adeptly function in an ever-changing world. Progressivism curriculum has a strong emphasis on problem solving and analysis, for these skills are invaluable in today’s society. Without problem solving abilities, an individual is lost and alone in the puzzling maze of society that characterizes the world today. Progressivism curriculum is centered on activities and instruction that challenge the students’ problem solving and analysis abilities in an effort to strengthen these skills. Since progressivism is influenced by contemporary society, it is only appropriate that the progressivism curric...

A Leader to Admire

One of the greatest persons is the world's largest direct selling and company for women, Avon's supreme, Andrea Jung. Her threshold into the corporate world has had a good ladder to the top.These involved her to top positions which perhaps honed her to fit who she is right now. Being Avon's CEO for ten years now, her worth for the title is evident with the extensive growth of the company. Relative to this, she is part of Apple, Inc. Board and General Electric (GE) Company.â€Å"Strong executive engagement is the most important practice as it involves major leaders working on the project. This means that their contribution to the ongoing program is highly regarded [†¦]† (Ambler, 2008).Her career runs long-time symmetry to her long-run experience. Also, her expert performance led her to enter the top 100 most powerful women and to be the top-paid female CEO; and whose leadership, despite economic downturn, raised Avon's total revenue in the preceding year.These semi-accompl ishments speak for her stand. She's plain admirable with how she gets things done. This executive woman works strategically. Pervasive promotions for new products are marketed using credible celebrities. She knows how to play with the roller coaster twists of the economy and social trends.Working with her, even starting with a minimum capital in a rural area would turn out to be a productive one. Having her on the job is an indeed ‘yes'. She seems to have mastered the corporate world which is an advantage for expanding businesses and an opportunity for extending finances.Not only she caters businesses but she aids women under the shadows of violence, poverty and cancer. Her charitable initiations add up to why she is an admirable leader. She excels, corporately and socially.ReferencesAmber, G. Banutu-Gomez, M. B. (2004). Great leaders teach exemplary followership and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   serve as servant leaders. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 4,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   143.

Effects on the American Dream, Both Positive and Negative...

Effects on the American Dream, Both Positive and Negative The editors of Forbes called on these writers: James Q. Wilson, Katherine Newman, Robert Reich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, Natwar M. Gandhi, and Charles Derber. To answer this following question: If things are so good, why do we feel so bad? The American Dream has both positive and negative effects on the country, but in the end people will ultimately create their own fates. There are many positive effects that the American Dream has such immigrant origins, to the United States. Americans have a higher standard of living, that’s why immigrants come to the United States to have freedom, self-expression, and also to have a better standard of living as well (Wilson 437). Wilson†¦show more content†¦One negative effect on the American Dream is freedom; freedom reduced authority in the United States, freedom also caused crime to spread way out of proportion. Wilson acknowledges that freedom leads to a lack of order, havi ng the power of freedom made people bring out their self- expression which made them lose their self-control to stop the bad things they were doing. Wilson states that â€Å"the expansion in personal freedom has been accompanied by a deep distrust† (Wilson 434). Wilson mentions an example of personal freedom which is: mentally ill people having freedom meant that they could not be forced to go to a clinic if they didn’t want to, which lead the mentally ill to be homeless. Derber proclaims that Americans twisted the American Dream as in using it to act selfish and commit heinous crimes. â€Å"The readings of history and anthropology†¦ give us no reason to believe that societies have built in self-preservative systems.† - Margaret Mead (Derber 411). The crimes of freedom caused â€Å"wilding† this is the word that describes the behavior Americans were showing. Derber observes that â€Å"the fear of wilding became fear of the other: those locked outsid e of the American Dream. They had not yet invaded the world most Americans felt part of, but they menaced it† (Derber 412). Wilding infected corporations and the government also to individuals of every race, class, and gender. Derbers examplesShow MoreRelatedThe Reality of Reality Television1699 Words   |  7 PagesFussell February 2, 2013 The Reality of Reality Television Have you ever set there watching your favorite reality television show and wondered what effects it could have on you, your family or your friends? Truth is most people do not think about the effects television shows can have before watching them or allowing their children to watch them. This paper will discuss rather reality television is real or fake, what the appeal of reality TV is, howRead MoreThe Natural By Bernard Malamud1543 Words   |  7 Pagesleading example of this idea, as Hobbs continually faces both his internal struggles stemming from his desire for success, and external struggles attributed to his roller-coaster of a professional baseball career. Malamud uses Hobbs and the sport of baseball as a metaphor for typical American life by depicting Hobbs’ struggles as similar to any average American. Therefore, through the life of Roy Hobbs, Malamud alludes to the average American and explains how moral attitude can lead to a person’s successRead M oreThe South after Slavery1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of slavery and the effects it had on Americans. It is hard for this generation to imagine the discrimination because America is such a melting pot today. There are still some people who discriminate today, however, it is nothing compared to what it was several years ago. Although slavery was a negative thing in history, it has shaped the South into what we know it is today. The culture and tradition of the South were molded both during and after slavery was in effect. The idea of the South isRead MoreIdentity in the Novel Jasmine1470 Words   |  6 Pages The novel jasmine follows a Hindu women, Jyoti, who leaves her homeland in hopes to obtain a new identity in the American Dream. In her country we see Jyoti struggle to follow the guidelines made to obtain a happiness in here country. Later she is told by a fortune teller that she is destined to be a widower and an exile. In an effort to run away from the foreseer she fails and gains a mark on the middle of her forehead. The mark is a metaphoric representation of Jyotis gift of great insightRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pagestime the American economy grew to be the most powerful worldwide but in which people began exploiting their earnings on excess materialism. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s famous novel, The Great Gatsby, accurately re-creates this time period yet criticizes the changes of societal attitudes and its values that occurred, making Fitzgerald the first â€Å"American writer to write seriously about money and the effects of m oney on character† (Bruccoli). The two main characters, Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby, both made theRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage889 Words   |  4 Pages In my report, I will go into detail and show how raising the federal minimum wage would positively effect the economy. In doing so, I will be discussing how an increase in the federal minimum wage would make a vast improvement on the way many low income families live, and also how raising the federal minimum wage would boost the economy as it desperately needs. In raising the federal minimum wage, one might argue that it would cause a spike in the unemployment rate. The reasoning is that it wouldRead MoreThe Dream Act Of The United States1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe DREAM Act Since early in the 17th century, immigrants from different places on over the world have come to America to seek for freedom and opportunities. They have contributed in a large portion of the United States’ economy as well as culture. As a result, the impacts on American communities have turned into arguable issues, and one of them comes from educational field, the DREAM Act. In a simple way, DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) is a program that offers permanentRead MoreThe Feminist Criticism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1697 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven field cannot be cordoned off. Marxism, however, ignored the position of women which is strange as its key concepts are the â€Å"struggle between social classes and the blinding effects of ideology†, it might have been employed to analyze the social situation of women. Feminism saw clearly that the widespread of negative stereotyping of women in literature and film constituted a formidable obstacle on the road of true equality causing the men to act exploitative, denigrating and repressive in theirRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflict or to escape persecution and prejudices, while others may voluntarily emigrate. Although such a moveRead MoreThe Problem Of Crime And Crime1027 Words   |  5 PagesAnomie theory states that with the idea of the American dream and economic success that the stress created by not meeting the â€Å"American Dream† standard creates strain (Merton, 2013). Additionally, if social institutions are wea k such as the family, then the economic institution becomes dominant and creates an imbalance, which in turn leads to higher crime rates (Merton, 2013). According to Messner (1982) crime has been theoretically linked to poverty in both its subsistence and the relative deprivation

The History of the Armillary Sphere

An armillary sphere is a miniature representation of celestial objects in the sky, depicted as a series of rings centered around a globe. Armillary spheres have a long history. Early History of the Armillary Sphere Some sources credit Greek philosopher Anaximander of Miletus (611-547 BCE) with inventing the armillary sphere, others credit Greek astronomer Hipparchus (190-120 BCE), and some credit the Chinese. Armillary spheres first appeared in China during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). One early  Chinese  armillary sphere can be traced to Zhang Heng, an astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE). The exact origin of armillary spheres cannot be confirmed. However, during the Middle Ages, armillary spheres became widespread and increased in sophistication. Armillary Spheres in Germany The earliest surviving globes were produced in Germany. Some were made by German map-maker Martin Behaim of Nuremberg in 1492. Another early maker of armillary spheres was Caspar Vopel (1511-1561), a German mathematician and geographer. Vopel made a small manuscript terrestrial globe housed within a series of eleven interlocking armillary rings produced in 1543. What Armillary Spheres Got Wrong By moving the armillary rings, you could theoretically demonstrate how the stars and other celestial objects moved in the sky. However, these armillary spheres reflected early misconceptions of astronomy. The spheres depicted  the Earth at the center of the universe, with interlocking rings illustrating the circles of the sun, moon, known planets, and important stars (as well as the signs of the zodiac). This makes them a model of the inaccurate Ptolemaic (or Earth-centered) cosmic system (as opposed to the  way things actually work, by the Copernican System, with the sun as the center of the solar system.) Armillary spheres  often got geography wrong, too—Caspar Vopels sphere, for instance, depicts North America and Asia as one land mass, a common misconception of the time.

Clinical Psychology And Educational Psychology Essay

Hugh Coolican (2007) defined applied psychology as â€Å"the use of theory and findings in psychology to solve practical problems in important areas of the human environment, including education, health, the workplace, and so on†. The two areas of applied psychology discussed in this essay are clinical psychology and educational psychology, and the associated theories and ethical issues. Both areas use a wide range of theories, with clinical psychology mainly using behavioural and cognitive theories, whilst educational largely focuses on Piaget’s theories of cognitive development, and behaviourism. Both areas have several associated ethical issues, particularly when working with such vulnerable people (e.g. clinical psychologists often work with people with mental disorders, whilst educational psychologists mainly work with children). Clinical psychology Clinical psychology is defined as â€Å"the application of psychological theory to human distress, manifested as psychological problems. Therefore, clinical psychology is a profession primarily concerned with the alleviation of psychological problems† (Coolican, 2007). To become a clinical psychologist, a person would need a British Psychological Society (BPS) accredited undergraduate psychology degree, or voluntary experience with people with mental health disorders or with psychological research. They would also need clinical or research experience, or education to post-graduate level. They would then require an accredited 3-yearShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Gaining A Degree Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagesfresh or continuing an education plan. Do you currently have a job in a certain field. Once you come to a final answer on what you want you can choose a degree. There are many benefits of gaining a degree in the field of Psychology. The top three benefits of Majoring in Psyc hology include improving your communication skills, achieving a better understanding of yourself and becoming stronger with conflict resolution skills. In addition they also will bring more money than someone with a High SchoolRead MoreClinical Psychology. A Clinical Psychologist Or The Psychological1081 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Psychology A Clinical psychologist or the psychological specialty provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals and families; consultation to agencies and communities; training, education and supervision; and research-based practice (APA, 2017). In order to become a Clinical psychologist, you will need a higher level of education to include a Master’s degree, certification, license, and Doctorates depending on the position one is trying to attainRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1630 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a very broad field of study and requires a lot of research when choosing a career. The education that is required for pursuing a career in the field of psychology depends on the type of psychologist you want to be. Most psychology programs require at least a master s degree to pursue a psychologist career, but some may require a doctoral degree. It is important to know the educational requirements as well as state requ irements when entering the field of psychology. Southwestern hasRead MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamentalRead MoreEssay on Choosing Psychology as a Career1558 Words   |  7 Pages Psychology is the study of the mind, its biology, and behavior if the individual. The father of psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, used objective measurement and controlled analyzing to find and emphasize separation between psychology and philosophy (McLeod). Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, using his background in physiology to study reactions and sensations (McLeod). There is no doubt that he, along with the later help of SigmundRead MoreEmmanuella Chukwura. Professor Rodriguez. Counseling 20.1686 Words   |  7 Pageseventually led me to decide to major in Psychology and in the future open my own practice. Psychology as defined by Dictionary.com, â€Å"is the science of the mind or of mental states and processes.† Psychology is amongst the most popular subjects that students chose to major in. Although some people may not understand just how broad the subject is. There are three main categories under psychology; these are Academic psychology, Professional Psychology, and Popular Psychology. The category in which this researchRead MoreThe Different Career Options for Psychologists Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology is the scientific study of actions and behaviors. Psychologists often form hypotheses and test these through studies and research. They carefully follow the scientific method to gather data. The research methods used by psychologists vary by branches of study. These methods include controlled laboratory experiments, and personality, intelligence, aptitude, or performance tests. Other methods of research are interviews, observations, questionnaires, surveys, and clinical studies.Read MoreClinical And Biological Components Can Cause A Child s Social, Emotional, And Cognitive Roles981 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Child Psychology is defined as a specialty in professional psychology that develops and applies scientific knowledge to the delivery of psychological services to infants, toddlers, children and adolescents within their social context (Cli nical Child Psychology, 2015). They study how experimental and biological components can cause a child’s social, emotional, and cognitive roles to change as a child grows older. In order to become a clinical child psychologist, it can be quite difficultRead MoreBecoming a Clinical Psychologist Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesBecoming a Clinical Psychologist The word psychology can translate to mean â€Å"the science of the soul.† Since Aristotle, psychology has become both a science and a profession. As a profession, it is the application of understanding people and their behavior to help solve human problems (Careers, 1993). A psychologist usually concentrates on one specialty that is of particular interest. There are many different fields of psychology to study. Clinical psychologists work with people with emotionalRead MoreSchool of Thoughts in Psychology1604 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in  Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledge

Effects of Alcohol Advertising Alcoholic †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Effects of Alcohol Advertising Alcoholic? Answer: Introduction Effects of advertisement are considered to be the promotion of the alcoholic beverages by the companies producing them It is considered to be the highly regulated forms of the publicity and marketing The main motive of the alcoholic companies is to focus for the changing of the brands that people prefers It helps in gaining the share of the alcoholic market (Schudson, 2013) It generally targets the adolescents for their dependency on these alcoholic beverages Adolescents are more vulnerable and prone for the dependency on their alcoholic beverages after checking the television advertisements History Alcohol advertising came into the existence since the year 1933 (Grenard, Dent Stacy, 2012) Hook Alcohol industry is considered to be one of the strong self-regulating and therefore consists of the mostly ignored regulation of the federal government. Not only being ignored, even the alcoholic companies have regulation fort not showing th concept of drinking on the screens of the television (Rehm et al., 2013) Thesis This report deals with the effects of advertisements of alcohol in the lifestyle of the young generations, adolescents and the young adults. Body Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence Advertising of alcohols have adverse effect on the health of the adolescent. The adolescent goes on increasing the rate of the consumption of alcohol. Causes: Huge pressure from friends and peers To have an impression of looking and feeling like an Adult They feel bored (Lopez et al., 2014) Effects: Evidence Pressure from friends is an influential force irrespective of any phase of the life. It, however, plays a vital part mainly in pre-adulthood Every now and then, adolescents desired to be dealt with like grown-ups. "I'm not a child any longer" is a regular words that are being chant by the adolescents, particularly when they need benefits that accompanied age like utilizing liquor (WHO, 2014). It is nothing unexpected that they're attracted to things that make them feel like a grown-up, matured, and sophisticated. The feeling of 'boredom' can rapidly get anybody and particularly a fretful youngster into a wide range of inconvenience Example At this phase, when children undergo a struggle to find their identity and where they actually fit in at this period frailties can be furious the wish to be acknowledged and preferred makes saying "no" troublesome. Saying no can likewise have difficult outcomes, extending from being giggled at or somewhat prodded, to being embarrassed, rejected and even tormented (Vanes et al., 2014). Drinking, smoking, and use of drugs can all lift that feel; "Hey, take a look at me; I'm all grown up now." With those practices comes the impression that one is genuinely developed and they have the capability of dealing with anything. Tragically, one awful episode can rapidly smash it and remind them exactly how young and powerless they are in real life. . It's far and away more terrible for youngsters who have exhausted companions. Sitting back with a couple of lagers or a couple hits with companions (or even alone) is regularly an elusive incline to addiction. Body Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence Advertisement of alcohols leads to the behavior of substance abuse Causes: Adolescents become ignorant Curiosity to know and experience unknown things and/or habits Copying parents behaviors and/or activities (WHO, 2014) Effects: Evidence Teenagers don't have a clue about what's beneficial for them and so forth. Not on account of they're not splendid, but rather in light of the fact that they just don't have enough information or experience (Lowery Sloane, 2014). For those on the outside looking in, it appears as though everybody who's "doing it" is having a ton of fun, and they are the ones who are passing up a great opportunity. Interest not just "killed the cat," it likewise can be an exceptionally enticing temptress. The longing to attempt new things and investigate the world didn't abruptly stop when adolescence initiated. The longing to discover what it feels like to get inebriated or high "simply this once," obviously can be exceptionally strong. Also, "Everyone tests don't they?" can be an exceptionally convincing reason. Tragically, unreasonably many children wind up in liquor or drugs recovery treatment not far off because of some disastrous need to fulfill their interest (Patton et al., 2014) Youngsters who stay with parents that abuse drugs and liquor generally stick to this same pattern. If considered, that is what they only know and what they've learned from their parents. Also, in the event that one or both guardians are effectively utilizing they regularly have access too. Without any doubt, a few children will do the exact inverse and evade all substances, needing to maintain a strategic distance from the very thing that destroyed their parents' lives or prompted traumatic adolescence encounters, for example, abuse or disregard. Examples Trying different things with liquor or drugs on a regular basis appears to be pure enough, although it is frequently viewed as a kind of pre-adult "soul changing experience." Numerous adolescents feel entitled for various analyses at this phase of life, as though they're relied upon to as such and along these lines ought to do as such. What many don't understand is that it's neither pure nor innocuous. Adolescents do not observe (and haven't yet figured out how to limit or justify) is all the regurgitating subsequent to drinking excessively, the after-effect the following morning, or the sickening "what have I done?" morning - in the wake of feeling when they've recently woken up in an interesting spot or understood that the needle they utilized was grimy. Surprisingly more Healthcare is ending up in a prison cell or grieving the demise of a companion who drove home tipsy. The joy of obliviousness can be immediately broken. Truth be told, it frequently turns out to be considerably stronger. Most youngsters have significantly more independence (and some have an abundant excess) than they did as children. They are less firmly directed and regularly left home alone for long intervals while their parents are still at work or out for the night. Reference Grenard, J. L., Dent, C. W., Stacy, A. W. (2013). Exposure to alcohol advertisements and teenage alcohol-related problems.Pediatrics, peds-2012. Lpez-Caneda, E., Holgun, S. R., Cadaveira, F., Corral, M., Doallo, S. (2014). Impact of alcohol use on inhibitory control (and vice versa) during adolescence and young adulthood: a review.Alcohol and alcoholism,49(2), 173-181. Lowery, B. C., Sloane, D. C. (2014). The prevalence of harmful content on outdoor advertising in Los Angeles: land use, community characteristics, and the spatial inequality of a public health nuisance.American journal of public health,104(4), 658-664. Patton, R., Deluca, P., Kaner, E., Newbury-Birch, D., Phillips, T., Drummond, C. (2014). Alcohol screening and brief intervention for adolescents: the how, what and where of reducing alcohol consumption and related harm among young people.Alcohol and alcoholism,49(2), 207-212. Rehm, J., Shield, K. D., Gmel, G., Rehm, M. X., Frick, U. (2013). Modeling the impact of alcohol dependence on mortality burden and the effect of available treatment interventions in the European Union.European Neuropsychopharmacology,23(2), 89-97. Schudson, M. (2013).Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. Routledge. Vanes, L. D., Holst, R. J., Jansen, J. M., Brink, W., Oosterlaan, J., Goudriaan, A. E. (2014). Contingency learning in alcohol dependence and pathological gambling: learning and unlearning reward contingencies.Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Management 38(6), 1602-1610. World Health Organization. (2014).Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. World Health Organization.

My is on Drinking and Driving Offences. In Essay Example For Students

My is on Drinking and Driving Offences. In Essay duiMy essay is on Drinking and Driving Offences. In my essay I will tell you the various kinds of drinking and driving offences, the penalties, and the defences you can make if you are caught drinking and driving. Let me tell you about the different offences. There are six offences in drinking and driving. They are driving while impaired,Having care and control of a vehicle while impaired, Driving whileexceeding 80 m.g., Having care and control of a vehicle while exceeding80 m.g., Refusing to give a breath sample, and refusing to submit to aroadside screen test. These are all Criminal Code Offences. Now lets talk about the penalties of drinking and driving. Thesentence for refusing to give a breath sample is usually higher than either of the exceeding 80 m.g. offences. Consequently it is usuallyeasier in the long run for you to give a breath sample if asked. If, forexample you are convicted of Refusing ato give a breath sample for thefirst time, but was earlier convicted of Driving while impaired, yourconviction for Refusing will count as a second conviction, not a first,and will receive the stiffer penalty for second offences. For the first offence here is the penalty and the defences you canmake. Driving a vehicle while your ability to drive is impaired by alcoholor drugs is one of the offences. Evidence of your condition can be used toconvict you. This can include evidence of your general conduct, speech, ability to walk a straight line or pick up objects. The penalty of thefirst offences is a fine of $50.00 to $2000.00 and/or imprisonment of up tosix months, and automatic suspension of licence for 3 months. The secondoffence penalty is imprisonment for 14 days to 1 year and automaticsuspension of licence for 6 months. The third offence penalty isimprisonment for 3 months to 2 years (or more) and automatic suspension oflicence for six months. These penalties are the same for the followingHaving Care and Control of a Motor Vehicle while Impaired isanother offence. Having care and control of a vehicle does not requirethat you be driving it. Occupying the drivers seat, even if you did nothave the keys, is s ufficient. Walking towards the car with the keys couldbe sufficient. Some defences are you were not impaired, or you did not havecare and control because you were not in the drivers seat, did not havethe keys, etc. It is not a defence that you registered below 80 m.g. onthe breathayzer test. Having care and control depends on all circumstances. Driving While Exceeding 80 m.g. is the next offence. Driving avehicle, having consumed alcohol in such a quantity that the proportion ofalcohol in your blood exceeds 80 miligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres ofblood. Some defences are the test was administered improperly, or thebreathalyzer machine was not functioning properly. Having Care and control of a Motor Vehicle while Exceeding 80m.g. is the next offence I will talk about. This offence means havingcare and control of a vehicle whether it is in motion or not, havingconsumed alcohol in such a quantity that the proportion of alcohol in yourblood exceeds 80 miligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres of blood. Thedefences are the test was administered improperly, or the breathalyzermachine was not functioning properly. To defend against breathalyzerevidence you must understand how the test should be administered. Theproper procedure for a breathalyzer test is as follows. Warming up themachine until the thermometer registers 50 degrees centigrade. This shouldtake at least 10 minutes. The machine should then be turned to zero (byusing the adjust zero control) and a comparison ampoulel (of normal air)inserted. if the metre remains at zero, the test can proceed. An ampoulewith a standard solution is then inserted. If the metre reads high or lowby more than .02% on two successive tests, the machine should not be used. If the trial is valid, the machine should be flushed with room air and thepointer set at start. You will then be asked to provide two breath samples,about fifteen minutes apart. Normally they will take the result of thelowest result and use it as evidence against you. .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .postImageUrl , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:hover , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:visited , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:active { border:0!important; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:active , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Information systems In BankingRefusing to Give a Breath Sample means refusing without areasonable excuse to give a sample or refusing without a reasonable excuseto accompany a polic officer, when demanded by the police officer. Beforedemanding by the police officer, he must have reasonable and probable grounds to believe that you are committing or at any time in the preceedingtwo hours have committed, one of the offences of driving or having care andcontrol of a vehicle while impaired or while having a blood alcohol levelin excess of 80 m.g. You can refuse to give a breath sample until you havecommunicated in private with your lawyer even if this takes you beyond thetwo ho ur period, unless it is shown that your request for a lawyer was notgenuine and merely to delay the testing. The test can be done after thetwo hour period, but a technician must testify in court as to what yourblood alcohol would have been in the two hour period. You cannot refuse toaccompany the officer until you see your lawyer. You can argue that theofficer didnt have reasonable and probable grounds to suspect you, butthis however depends on the circumstances. Refusing to submit to a Roadside Screening Test is the lastoffense. When you commit this offense you are refusing without reasonableexcuse to give a breath sample for a roadside screening device, or refusingwithout reasonable excuse to accompany a police officer for the purposes ofgiving such a sample, when demanded by an officer. Before the officerdemands a breathalyzer he must reasonably suspect that you have alcohol inThe maximum penalties for impaired driving causing bodily harm to someone is up to 10 years in prison and up to a 10 year prohabition fromdriving. The maximum penalties for impaired driving causing death is up to14 years and a 10 year prohabition from driving. The maximum penalty formanslaughter and criminal negligence causing death is up to life in prisonand up to a lifetime prohabition from driving. I think that these penalties for all the drinking and driving offences are very appropriate, but I think impaired driving causing deathshould be a lifetime imprisonment. Also if a person is impaired and causesbodily harm to some one they should have their licence suspended from himBIBLIOGRAPHYHighway Traffic Law, (Copyright January 1986: Community Legal EducationGovernment Document, Canada Law Reform Commision Report on InvestigativeTests: Aclohol, Drugs, and Driving Offences (1983). Erwin,Richard E. M.Bender ,Defence of Drunk Driving Cases, Criminal CivilPurich, Donald John, Drinking and Driving:What To Do If Your Caught(International Self Counsel Pr. 1978) p.22-25Verticle File at Hill Crest Library, Drinking and Driving-Offences andsVerticle File at Hill Crest Liabrary, Criminal Code-Part 6 (1989), sectionVerticle File at Hill Crest Library, HighWay Trafic (1989), section 26Bibliography: